Nā Kūlana no ka Uea a me ke Uea

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka Standards i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana o nā huahana uea a me nā kelepona. Eia kekahi mau maʻamau maʻamau no ka uea a me ke kaula.

1. Nā Kūlana Kūikawā
   1. Nā Kūlana IEC: He hui alakaʻi honua ka International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) ma ke kahua o ka ʻenehana uila a me ka uila. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i nā ʻano maʻamau no ka uea a me ke kaula, e like me IEC 60227 no nā kaula PVC-insulated a me IEC 60502 no nā kaula mana me ka XLPE insulation. Hoʻopili kēia mau kūlana i nā mea e like me nā kikoʻī o ka huahana, nā ʻano hoʻāʻo, a me nā koi o ka maikaʻi, a ʻike nui ʻia a ʻae ʻia i ka mākeke honua.
   2. Nā Kūlana UL: Underwriters Laboratories (UL) he hui ho'āʻo kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa kaulana ʻo ia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo UL i kahi ʻano o nā kūlana palekana no ka uea a me ke kaula, e like me UL 1581 no nā uea maʻamau a me nā kaula a me UL 83 no nā uea thermoplastic-insulated a me nā kaula. Hiki i nā huahana i kūpono i nā kūlana UL ke loaʻa ka palapala hōʻoia UL, i ʻike ʻia e ka mākeke ʻAmelika a me nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
2. Nā Kūlana Lahui
   1. Nā Kūlana GB ma Kina: Ma Kina, ʻo ke kūlana aupuni no ka uea a me ke kelepona ʻo GB/T. No ka laʻana, ʻo GB / T 12706 ka maʻamau no nā kaula mana me ka XLPE insulation, a ʻo GB / T 5023 ka maʻamau no nā kaula PVC-insulated. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau kūlana ʻāina e pili ana i ke kūlana maoli o ka ʻoihana uila o Kina a ua kūlike me nā kūlana honua i kekahi ʻano. He kuleana koʻikoʻi lākou i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana, hoʻāʻo, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana uea a me nā kelepona ma Kina.
   2. Nā Kūlana Lahui ʻē aʻe: Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻāina kona kūlana ʻāina ponoʻī no ka uea a me ke kaula, i hana ʻia e like me nā koi a me nā lula o ka ʻāina. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka maʻamau BS ma United Kingdom, ka maʻamau DIN ma Kelemānia, a me ka maʻamau JIS ma Iapana he mau kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka uea a me ke kaula i ko lākou mau ʻāina.
3. Nā Kūlana ʻOihana
   1. Nā Kūlana Kūikawā ʻOihana: I loko o kekahi mau 'oihana kiko'ī, e like me ka 'oihana ka'a, ka 'oihana aerospace, a me ka 'oihana hana moku, aia kekahi mau 'oihana kūikawā no ka uwea a me ke kaula. E noʻonoʻo ana kēia mau kūlana i nā koi kūikawā o kēia mau ʻoihana, e like me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ke kū ʻana o ka vibration, a me ka retardancy ahi, a e hōʻoia i ka hana pono o nā ʻōnaehana uila i kēia mau ʻoihana.
   2. Nā Kūlana Hui: Hoʻokumu pū kekahi mau hui ʻoihana a me nā hui i kā lākou mau kūlana ponoʻī no ka uea a me ke kaula. ʻOi aku ka kikoʻī a kikoʻī o kēia mau kūlana ma mua o nā kūlana aupuni a me nā kūlana honua, a hoʻohana nui ʻia e alakaʻi i ka hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana i loko o ka ʻoihana.