Kūkākūkā e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā uwea haʻahaʻa Halogen-Free

Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana pale ahi no nā mea uea, ua puka mau nā ʻano hou o nā kaula hoʻopaʻa ahi, e ulu ana mai nā kaula hoʻopaʻa ahi maʻamau a hiki i nā kaula haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā kaula haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa halogen-free flame retardant. . Hōʻike kēia i ka piʻi ʻana o nā koi no nā kaula pale ahi i nā makahiki i hala.

Ma nā ʻāina e like me ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me Iapana, ua lilo nā uea pili i ke kaiapuni a me nā huahana kelepona i mea nui o nā ʻano uea āpau. Ua pāpā loa nā aupuni i ka hoʻohana ʻana a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana mai i nā uwea pili ʻole i ke kaiapuni. He nui ka halogen i nā mea pale ahi maʻamau. I ka wā e ʻā ai, e hoʻopuka lākou i ka nui o ka uahi a me nā kinoea hydrogen halide corrosive. Loaʻa ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana o ke ahi halogen i nā polyolefins. No laila, ʻo nā kaula haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa halogen ka mea nui i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No laila, e kūkākūkā ʻia ka extrusion o nā mea uila haʻahaʻa halogen-free mai nā ʻaoʻao aʻe.

1. Lako Extrusion
   A. ʻO ka mea nui o ka uea a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kelepona ʻo ia ka screw, e pili ana i ka laulā noi a me ka hana pono o ka extruder. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pono o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka plastik like ʻole, nui nā ʻano hoʻolālā screw. Loaʻa nā mea uwea hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka lapalapa ahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka magnesium hydroxide a i ʻole alumini hydroxide. No laila, no ke koho ʻana i nā wili, hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia nā wili maʻamau, a ʻaʻole pono ka nui o kā lākou hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma waena o 1: 1 a me 1: 2.5.
   B. ʻO kekahi mea nui e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea uila haʻahaʻa halogen-free i ka wā o ke kaʻina extrusion ʻo ia ka mea hoʻomaha o ka extruder. Ma muli o keʻano kūikawā o nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa halogen-free, ua hanaʻia ka nui o ka wela ma muli o ka friction i ka wā o ka extrusion. Pono kēia e loaʻa i nā mea extrusion kahi mea hoʻomaha maikaʻi e hoʻomalu i ka mahana o ke kaʻina hana. He pilikia kēia i hiki ʻole ke mālama ʻia. Inā kiʻekiʻe ka mahana, e hana ʻia nā pores nui ma ka ʻili o ke kaula; inā haʻahaʻa loa ka mahana, e hoʻonui ʻia ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o nā mea hana, a hiki i nā mea hana ke pōʻino.
2. Nā Molds Extrusion
   Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana i nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa halogen-free cable, aia nā ʻokoʻa nui i ka ikaika heheʻe, kaha kiʻi, a me ka viscosity ma waena o ia a me nā mea uea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka moku i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. No laila, he ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi ke koho ʻana i nā mole. ʻO ka mea mua, i ke koho ʻana i nā ʻano extrusion o nā molds. No ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea uila halogen haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, pono ke ʻano o ka extrusion no ka insulation i ke ʻano extrusion, a i ka wā o ka extrusion o ka sheath, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano semi-extrusion. Ma kēia ala wale nō e hiki ai ke hōʻoia piha i ka ikaika tensile, elongation, a me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili. ʻO ka lua, ma ke koho ʻana i nā lima lima make. I ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā molds extrusion, ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity o ka mea, nui ke kaomi ma ke poʻo make, a e hoʻonui ʻia ka mea i ka wā e puka ai i ka mold. No laila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka lima make ma mua o ka nui maoli. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai mīkini o nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. He liʻiliʻi kona kaha kiʻi, ma kahi o 2.5 a 3.2 wale nō. No laila, i ke koho ʻana i nā mole, pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia kāna mau kaha kiʻi. Pono kēia i ka koho ʻana a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā lima lima make, inā ʻaʻole e paʻa ka ʻili o ke kaula, a e hemo ka uhi extrusion.
   Hoʻokahi wahi hou: Pono e lawa ka nui o ka mana kaʻa o ka mīkini nui. Ma muli o ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe o nā mea LSHF, ʻaʻole lawa ka mana.
   Hoʻokahi manaʻo like ʻole: ʻAʻole pono e lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka pauku hale kiʻi o ka mold extrusion, ma lalo o 1 mm. Inā lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika ʻoki.
   1. No nā mea halogen-ʻole, e hoʻohana i ka wili me ka lakene hoʻoemi haʻahaʻa no ka hana ʻana. (ʻO ka lakio hoʻoemi nui e hoʻoulu ai i ka wela nui i loko a i waho o ka plastic, a ʻo ka nui o ka lōʻihi-a-diameter ratio e hopena i kahi manawa hoʻomehana lōʻihi no ka plastic.)
   2. Ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka nui o ka lapalapa ahi i nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa halogen, aia nā pilikia nui i ke kaʻina extrusion. ʻO ka ikaika ʻoki o ka wili ma nā mea halogen ʻole he nui. ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa i kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi wili extrusion kūikawā no nā mea halogen-free.
   3. I ka wā o ka extrusion, ʻike ʻia kahi mea e like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka maka ma ka puka o waho. I ka nui o ia mea, pili ia i ka uwea a hana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, e pili ana i kona helehelena. Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i kēia? Loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hopena maikaʻi? He ehu i pili i ka puka make waho. ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka mahana o ka wehe ʻana o ka make a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mold e loaʻa kahi kikoʻī liʻiliʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ke kūlana. ʻIke pinepine au i kēia pilikia a ʻaʻole i loaʻa iaʻu kahi hopena kumu. Ke manaʻo nei au no ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā mea waiwai. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ipu ahi no ka kuke ʻana hiki ke hana, akā ʻaʻole pono ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, i ʻole e pōʻino ka insulation. Inā kiʻekiʻe ka mahana o ke poʻo make, ʻo ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa liʻiliʻi i ka mahana e hoʻonā i ka pilikia. ʻElua mau hoʻonā i kēia pilikia: 1) E hoʻohana i ka pū ea e puhi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka ea wela; 2) E hoʻololi i ka hoʻolālā o ka mold ma ka hana ʻana i kahi protrusion liʻiliʻi ma ka puka make. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka protrusion ma kahi o 1 mm. Akā ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu inā aia kekahi mau mea hana hale e hiki ke hana i kēlā mau ʻano. No ka pilikia o ka ea ma ka wehe ʻana o ka make i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia. Ke hoʻohana nei kā mākou hui i kēia ala, a maikaʻi loa ka hopena.
      Hoʻokahi wahi hou: I ka hana ʻana i nā mea haʻahaʻa halogen-free, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mold extrusion semi-tubular no ka extrusion tubular. Eia kekahi, pono e kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili e pale aku i ke ʻano o ka waiho ʻana o ka maka i ka wehe ʻana o ka make i waho.
   4. Nīnau: I ka hana ʻana i nā mea haʻahaʻa ʻole halogen i kēia manawa, piʻi mau ka mahana ma ka ʻāpana ʻehā o ka barela. Ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka wikiwiki, piʻi ka mahana ma kahi o 40 degere, e hoʻoulu ai ka mea. Aia kekahi mau hoʻonā maikaʻi? No ka ʻike ʻana o nā ʻōhū i ka wā o ka extrusion o nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa halogen-free, e like me ka loiloi maʻamau: ʻO kekahi ʻo nā mea haʻahaʻa halogen-free haʻahaʻa e maʻalahi i ka maʻi. Ma mua o ka extrusion, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i kahi lāʻau maloʻo; ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka wela i ka wā o ke kaʻina extrusion e kūpono. ʻO ka ikaika ʻoki o nā mea halogen ʻole i ka wā o ke kaʻina extrusion he nui, a e hana ʻia ka wela maoli ma waena o ka pahu a me ka wili. Paipai ʻia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia; ʻEkolu ke kumu maikaʻi o ka mea ponoʻī. Hoʻohui wale ʻia nā hale ʻoihana kelepona nui i ka nui o ka mea hoʻopihapiha e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai, e hopena i ka nui o nā mea kikoʻī kikoʻī. No ka ʻike ʻana o nā ʻōhū i ka wā o ka extrusion o nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa halogen-free, e like me ka loiloi maʻamau: ʻO kekahi ʻo nā mea haʻahaʻa halogen-free haʻahaʻa e maʻalahi i ka maʻi. Ma mua o ka extrusion, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i kahi lāʻau maloʻo; ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka wela i ka wā o ke kaʻina extrusion e kūpono. ʻO ka ikaika ʻoki o nā mea halogen ʻole i ka wā o ke kaʻina extrusion he nui, a e hana ʻia ka wela maoli ma waena o ka pahu a me ka wili. Paipai ʻia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia; ʻEkolu ke kumu maikaʻi o ka mea ponoʻī. Hoʻohui wale ʻia nā hale hana uea nui i ka nui o ka mea hoʻopihapiha e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai, e hopena i ka nui o ka gravity kikoʻī. Inā he poʻo wili ʻano pine, hiki anei iā ia ke hana i nā mea haʻahaʻa ʻole halogen? ʻAʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika ʻako, a e loaʻa nā ʻōhū a pau. 1) E hoʻoholo i ka lākiō hoʻopaʻa o kāu wili a me ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana ʻehā, inā aia nā ʻāpana hoʻololi a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻāpana kahe. Inā pēlā, pono e hoʻololi i ka wili. 2) E hoʻoholo i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaha ma ka ʻāpana ʻehā. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka peʻahi e puhi i ka ea i kēia ʻāpana e hoʻomaha ai. 3) ʻO ke kumu, ʻaʻole pili nui kēia kūlana inā pili ka mea i ka wai a i ʻole. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pono e wikiwiki loa ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea halogen-free sheath.
   5. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻe i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ai i nā mea haʻahaʻa halogen-free: 1) ʻO ka mahana i ka wā extrusion ka mea nui loa. Pono ka hoʻomalu wela. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o ka wela wela ma waena o 160 - 170 degere. ʻAʻole pono ke kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa loa. Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka mahana, hiki i ka alumini hydroxide a i ʻole ka magnesium hydroxide i loko o ka mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e hopena i kahi ʻili paheʻe ʻole a pili i kāna hana; inā haʻahaʻa loa ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika shear, nui ke kaomi extrusion, a ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka ʻili. 2) ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mold extrusion tubular i ka wā extrusion. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ʻōpala, pono e loaʻa kahi kikoʻī. I ka wā extrusion, pono ka mandrel ma 1 - 3 mm ma hope o ka lima make. ʻAʻole pono ka wikiwiki o ka extrusion, a pono e hoʻomalu ʻia ma waena o 7 - 12 m. Inā ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka wikiwiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika shear, a paʻakikī ke mālama ʻia ka mahana. (ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hana ʻana o LSZH, ʻaʻole ia he lohi (e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia e Little Bird, 7 – 12 M). )
   6. ʻO ka mahana extrusion o nā mea haʻahaʻa halogen-free e ʻokoʻa ma muli o ka nui o ka extruder. ʻO ka mahana extrusion aʻu i hoʻāʻo ai me kahi extruder 70-type penei no kāu kuhikuhi. Pauku 1: 170 degere, Pauku 2: 180 degere, Pauku 3: 180 degere, Pauku 4: 185 degere, Poo make: 190 degere, Maka mīkini: 200 degere. Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe loa i 210 degere. ʻO ka mahana decomposition o ka lapalapa ahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei he 350 degere, no laila ʻaʻole ia e decompose. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka helu heheʻe o ka mea halogen-free, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona wai a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka extrude. No laila, hiki i ka 150-type screw ke hoʻokuʻu iā ia inā lōʻihi ka maikaʻi o ka wai o ka mea halogen-free. (Makemake au e nīnau iā ʻoe inā ʻo ka wela kiʻekiʻe loa āu i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia ka wela i hōʻike ʻia a i ʻole ka wela i hoʻonohonoho ʻia? Ke hana mākou, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma mua o 140 degere.) ʻAe, e emi ana ka hana pale ahi ke piʻi ka mahana. 160 degere.
   7. Hana maikaʻi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi wili BM me ka ratio hoʻoemi o 3.0. Ke hopohopo nei nō hoʻi au i kēia. Hiki iaʻu ke nīnau i nā poʻe akamai a pau: No ke aha e hiki ʻole ai ke hoʻohana ʻia nā wili me ka ratio hoʻoemi kiʻekiʻe (>1:2.5) no ka hana? ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻāʻī, a e hana ʻia nā ʻōhū. Ke hoʻohana nei kā mākou hui i ka 150 e hana i nā kaula halogen-free haʻahaʻa, a maikaʻi loa ka hopena. Hoʻohana mākou i nā wili like a me ka hohonu hohonu, a pono e hoʻomalu maikaʻi ʻia ka mahana wela o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, inā ʻaʻole e puka mai nā pilikia a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia kahiko. Eia naʻe, pilikia loa. I kēlā me kēia manawa, pono e hoʻololi ʻia ka wili a me ka pulley, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaomi i ka pahu a me ke poʻo make.
   8. Manaʻo wau ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wā extrusion e ʻae i kahi pili e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao radial a ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻa.
   9. Eia nō naʻe, pono e nānā i ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā mea i ka wehe ʻana i ka hānai.
   10. Ua hoʻohana kā mākou hui i nā mea halogen-free maʻamau ma mua, kahi i maʻalahi i ka keʻokeʻo. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana mākou i nā mea GE, ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi akā ʻaʻohe pilikia keʻokeʻo. Makemake au e nīnau inā loaʻa i kāu mau mea halogen ka pilikia keʻokeʻo?
   11. Ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka nui o ka lapalapa ahi i nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa halogen-free, ʻo ia ke kumu nui i hiki ʻole ai ke hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki, e hopena i nā pilikia nui i ke kaʻina extrusion. I ka wā o ka extrusion, ʻike ʻia kahi mea e like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka maka ma ka puka o waho. I ka nui o ia mea, pili ia i ka uwea a hana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, e pili ana i kona helehelena. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, hiki ke hoʻomoʻa ʻia me kahi kukui. ʻAʻole pono ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, i ʻole e pōʻino ka insulation. ʻO kēia ka wahi hoʻomalu paʻakikī loa i ka hana. No nā mea halogen-free, hoʻohana i ka haʻahaʻa-compression-ratio a me ka hollow screw no ka hana ʻana ʻaʻohe pilikia e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka hana. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o nā mīkini mīkini liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (me ke anawaena screw o 100 mm a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi) a me ka extrusion o nā uea haʻahaʻa halogen-free me ka vinyl acetate copolymer ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu, ʻaʻole pili nui ka helehelena a me ka hana i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā mea maʻamau. ʻO nā wili PVC a me nā wili kūikawā no nā mea haʻahaʻa halogen-free no ka hana. ʻO nā kumu koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka hana extrusion a me nā hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ia nō ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā mea pale ahi, nā mea hoʻopihapiha ʻē aʻe, a me nā mea kumu. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka PVC a me ka PE material extrusion screws e hana i nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa halogen-free, ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity o ia mau mea, a me ka lakio hoʻoemi o nā mea extrusion screws PVC maʻamau ma kahi o 2.5 - 3.0. Inā hoʻohana ʻia kēlā ʻano compression ratio e hana i nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa halogen-free, i ka wā o ke kaʻina extrusion, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hopena hui ʻana i loko o ka wili ke hiki i ka maikaʻi loa i ka manawa e noho ai ka mea i loko o ka wili, a e pili ka mea i ka ʻO ka paia o loko o ka barela, ka hopena i ka lawa ʻole o ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka glue, hiki ʻole ke hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki extrusion, a i ka manawa like e hoʻonui ai i ka ukana kaʻa. No laila, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana iā lākou. Inā hoʻokō ʻia ka hana nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi wīwī kūikawā me kahi pākuʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka lākiō kaomi ma lalo o 1.8: 1. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka mana kaʻa a pono e koho ʻia kahi mea hoʻohuli mana kūpono e hoʻokō i ka hopena extrusion maikaʻi loa a me ka hana uea.
   12. ʻO nā pilikia āpau o nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: 1) Aia nā pores i ka huahana extruded; 2) He ʻilihune ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili; 3) He liʻiliʻi ka puka o ke kāpili; 4) Nui ka wela o ka wiliwili.
   13. I ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea pale ahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa halogen, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka viscosity o ka mea. Pono e koho ʻia ka wili mīkini extrusion ma ke ʻano he 20/1, a ʻaʻole pono e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka compression ma mua o 2.5. Ma muli o ka ikaika ʻoki nui, nui ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana maoli. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai e hoʻomaʻalili i ka wili. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana me ka puhi ahi ma ke ahi haʻahaʻa no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka maka ma ka wehe ʻana o ka make a ʻaʻole e uhaʻi i ka insulation.
   14. Ke ʻimi nei i ke kōkua no ka lakio o nā mold extrusion halogen-free haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka lākiō huki he 1.8 - 2.5, ʻo ka degere kaulike huki he 0.95 - 1.05. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ratio huki ma mua o ka PVC. E ho'āʻo e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka mold matching! ʻO ka lākiō huki ma kahi o 1.5. ʻAʻole pono ka mandrel e lawe i ke kaula. E hoʻohana i ke ʻano semi-extrusion. ʻO ka mahana wai o ka pahu wai mua he 70 – 80°. A laila hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻolili ʻana i ka ea, a ʻo ka hope hoʻi ka hoʻoluʻu wai.